The greatest crossover rate noticed in dogs and you will herbs

A reduced NCO gene rate of conversion

That website name shines since a recombinational wilderness. No CO otherwise gene conversion process knowledge is imagined inside a more or less 400 kb part related the two linked sex devotion genetics, csd and you may fem (Even more document step 1: Figure S14). We recommend that, once the heterozygosity regarding csd find the intercourse out of honeybee [56,57] and you may diploid homozygotes try sterile males, gene conversion process within this domain name might be disadvantageous. As the gene sales is actually related one another with CO and you can NCO occurrences, all recombination is going to be abolished to quit homogenization. A lack of recombination and forces the two loci to do something given that one haplotype.

Our influence really stands into the striking contrast so you’re able to an earlier report that receive acutely large CO cost in the vicinity of the newest csd locus. A prospective resolution of the inconsistent states would be the fact whilst in the immediate vicinity of the genes there isn’t any recombination, this is certainly counterbalanced from the oddly highest cost in the spans proximal into wasteland. A lesser solution studies create detect the higher rates regarding the spans. In keeping with so it i to see a high https://datingranking.net/dominicancupid-review/ top out of recombination inside this new instant area of plateau (A lot more file step one: Contour S14).

Talk

The data add to the perception you to definitely personal hymenoptera enjoys one another high and you can very variable crossing-more pricing. In fact, the speed ranged ranging from 0 and you may 197 cM/Mb whenever counted inside the low-overlapping 2 hundred kb window across chromosomes (Shape step 3, Profile S8 when you look at the Additional file step one and you can Desk S6 in Additional file dos), recommending the very bumpy distribution away from crossovers in the genome. The shape away from 37 cM/Mb, when you find yourself high to have pets, has been less than you to viewed for many fungi and you may protozoans, in which cost more than 60 cM/Mb was advertised . Towards good the knowledge, the new guess implies increased crossing-more rate than present in any plant otherwise animal.

While our study finds evidence consistent with several theoretical predictions, cause and effect are always hard to disentangle from correlation alone. For example, in principle the diversity/crossing-over coupling is also consistent with the notion that crossing over occurs preferentially in domains of high diversity and with the notion that crossing over is mutagenic . Similarly, the correlation between recombination rate and GC content is consistent with both the possibility that crossing over forces a high GC content and with the possibility that a high GC content favors increased crossing over. The conventional wisdom holds that recombination forces heteroduplexes within which mismatches require resolution. If this resolution is biased towards G and C residues (biased gene conversion), then a correlation between GC and recombination rate is expected . Previous analyses in honey bee have demonstrated fixation biases toward GC in high recombination parts of the genome . Evidence to support this direction for the causal arrow requires SNP analysis showing a bias to AT- > GC SNPs being fixed (or otherwise favored) compared to GC- > AT SNPs at sites of recombination. The key events here are most probably crossover-associated gene conversion events, but for these we cannot determine the direction of conversion and we are likely to be missing the majority of them. In our identified NCO events, if u is the number of AT > GC SNPs per A or T and v is the number of GC > AT SNPs per G or C, then the ratio of u/v is 1.06, which is slightly greater than the null (from stochastic simulations with 10,000 repeats: P <0.08). Being on the edge of significance, we cannot robustly say that NCO is or is not associated with GC-biased gene conversion.